Cold War Studies at Harvard University

 

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Names of Places

Akademgorodok
Babi Yar
Belarus, Belarusan [but Belorussia/n when referring to Soviet republic]
Belovezhskaya Pushcha [or Forest] [Belarus]
Chukhotsk peninsula
Congo Brazzaville [no hyphen; Republic of Congo]
Dharamsala
Dien Bien Phu
Erevan
Guomindang
Krasnoyarsk
Kurile Islands
Kuzbass (Kuznetskii Basin)
Lachin corridor
Nagorno-Karabakh
Netherlands, the
Northern Tier
Oder-Neisse line
Phnom Penh
Pozna;na [Poland]
Pridnestrov’e (use Transnistria)
Pskov [Russia]
Pyongyang
Stepanakert
subcontinent [e.g., Indian subcontinent]
Sumgait
Tbilisi
Tehran
Transcaucasus
Transnistria (Pridnestrov’e in Russian)
Trieste
United Kingdom (n), U.K. (adj)
United Nations (n), U.N. (adj)
United States (n), U.S. (adj)
USSR (n)
Washington, D.C. [in text]
Xibaipo [China]
Yangtze River
Yaroslavl [Russia]
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Words and Phrases

a [not an] historical
abstract expressionism
ad hoc [no ital]
administrations: Truman administration, the administration
adviser
Agreement for the Defense of Greenland [1941]
Aircraft names: Separate letters and numbers with a hyphen when the numbers follow. No division when numbers precede letters: B-1 bomber, 747-400ER, E-3A, MiG-21, Su-27, Il-28, Tu-95
air-defense (adj)
air strike (n)
Allies, the (for WW I & II); also: the Allied bombing
Allied Control Council
al Qaeda
American Israel Public Affairs Committee
anti- compounds are generally hyphenated [Change to style requested by MK, 11/7/03], but antitrust, antiwar
Anschluss [ital]
Antiballistic Missile Treaty
apparat, apparatchik [no ital]
appendix I
Arctic Circle;  but arctic region (etc.)
arms control (adj) [strategic arms control negotiations]
arms race (adj, n)
arms reduction (adj); Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
Assembleé Nationale [French National Assembly]
Azerbaijan/i, Azeris
Baghdad Pact
balance of power (n), balance-of-power (adj)
Belovezhskaya Pushcha [or Forest] accords
Berlin crisis
Berlin Wall
best-known
Bezbozhnik (The Godless) [Soviet journal]
Bezbozhnik u stanka (The Godless at the Work-Bench) [Soviet journal]
bi- compounds are generally closed: bipolarity
Bizone
Bolshevik, Bolshevization
Bosnia and Hercegovina (Bosna i Hercegovina)
Brezhnev Doctrine
Bricker Amendment of 1953
bridge-building [always hyphenated per MK]
build-down
Camp David accords
capitalism
case study (adj)
casus belli [no ital]
Catholic Church
center left
Central State Archive of Historical-Political Documents of St. Petersburg (formerly the Leningrad Party Archive)
Centre des Archives d’Outre Mer [in Aix-en-Provence, France]
centro-sinistra
“Chekist” [quotes on first use]
Chelyabinsk-65 [now Mayak Chemical Combine]
Chemical Weapons Treaty
Ch’ôndogyo, Ch’ônwudang [NK political parties]
civil-affairs (adj)
civil defense (adj)
civil-rights (adj)
co- compounds are generally closed: coexistence, but co-opt
Cold War (n, adj)
Cominform
Comintern [Communist International]
Command-and-control (adj)
commander-in-chief (n)
Communism, Communization
Communist era
Congress (n), congressional (adj.)
Conservative (when referring to British political party)
constitution [lc, except U.S.]
Conventional Arms Transfer Talks (CAT Talks)
counter- compounds are generally closed: counterinsurgency, countermeasures, counterterrorism
coup de grâce [no ital]
coup d’état [no ital]
coup de théâtre [no ital]
criteria (plural)
Cuban missile crisis
Cultural Revolution [China]
“Daniloff affair” [quotes on first use]
Dashnak party [Armenian nationalist party]
data (plural)
de facto [no ital]
delink
demokratizatsiya [ital]
Department of State, State Department, the department
détente
deutsche mark(s)
Dimokratikos Stratos [journal of the DSE]
East, the
East-Central Europe, East-Central European
Eastern bloc (n); East-bloc (adj)
Eastern Europe, East European
Editor-in-chief
Editorial Board [of JCWS]
Eestimaa Rahvarinne [Estonian freedom movmt.]
Efremov Scientific Research Institute of Electrophysical Apparatus [near Leningrad]
“empty chair” crisis
Elysée Treaty (1963)
en bloc [no ital]
en masse [no ital]
en passant [no ital]
en route (adj)
ethno- compounds are generally closed: ethnofederalism, ethnonationalism, ethnographic
Eurocommunist
Euromissile crisis [1983–1984]
ExComm (Executive Committee – abbreviated this way only when referring to the ad-hoc body formed by President Kennedy during the Cuban missile crisis)
ex post [no ital]
eye to eye (adv)
fait accompli [no ital]
Far East, Middle East, Near East
fascist (n, adj); BUT the Fascists [referring to political party in Europe]
fighter-interceptor (n)
first-hand (adj), firsthand (adv.)
Five, the
Five-Year Plan
force de frappe
foreign policy (adj)
Fouchet Plan
“Four Marshals’ Study Group” [in quotes on first use]
Four Powers
Frelinghuysen-Zavala treaty
game-theoretical model
Gang of Four
glasnost [no ital]
gift giving [n, no hyphen]
Gilpatric Committee on Nuclear Proliferation
Good Neighbor policy
Government agencies and departments: capitalize titles: Chinese Foreign Ministry
grandeur [ital when French term called for]
Great Helmsman [nickname for Mao Zedong]
Great Leap Forward
great-power (adj), great powers (n)
Group of Seven
gulag
Gulf of Tonkin incident
half- compounds: half century (n)
Hallstein Commission
Hapsburg
hardline, hardliner [note: no longer hyphenated; change in style per MK]
herculean [lc]
High Command [e.g., Soviet High Command]
high-level
human-rights (adj)
Holy Synod [of Russian Orthodox Church]
Il-28 [Soviet-made bomber]
Imperial [cap when referring to form of government]
Informburo
INF Treaty
Innenpolitik
institutchiki
intelligentsiya
inter- compounds are generally closed: interimperialist, interethnic
Interdvizhenie “Unitatea-Edinstvo”, Internationalist Movement for Unity (Moldova)
interest group (adj)
intermediate-range AND Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
international relations (adj)
intra- compounds are generally closed: intrabloc
Iran-contra scandal
“Iron Curtain” speech [Churchill, 1946]
Italian Advisory Council
Joint Chiefs of Staff
Journal of Cold War Studies, the journal
juche [N. Korean concept meaning “self-reliance”]
K-5 [preceded Stasi]
“kitchen debate”
Korean War
korenizatsiya
Kremlin, the
Krunk [Armenian pressure group]
kulak [no ital]
Kuomintang (KMT), later Guomindang
Labour (stet British spelling and cap when referring to British political party)
Lao Dong [Vietnamese Communist Party]
Latvijas Tautas Fronte [Latvian popular front]
League of the Militant Godless
Legion d’Honneur
Lend-Lease Act
Lietuvos laisv;e.s lyga [Lithuanian Freedom League]
Limited Test Ban Treaty
“Long Telegram” [Kennan, 1946]
long-time, long-standing, long-awaited
mainland China
-maker compounds [consult MK]: decision-maker; policymaker [style changed per MK]
-making compounds [consult MK]: decision-making (n, adj); foreign policymaking (adj; note en dash); peacemaking (n, adj), policymaking (n, adj) [style changed per MK, 11/7/03], warmaking (n, adj)
Manhattan Project
Mannerheim Line
Marshall Plan
Mayak Chemical Combine [formerly Chelyabinsk-65]
member-state
memoranda
“McMahon Line,”
Miatsum (Unification) movement [Armenia]
Mideast
MiG-21 [etc.]
military forces: capitalize full names or when referring to U.S. forces—U.S. Army, In the United States, the Army . . ., 1/1 [style changed per MK]
Ministry of Defence (UK) [note spelling of Defence]
Minjudang (NK Democratic Party)
missile-defense (adj)
Molotov-von Ribbentropp Pact
mono- compounds are generally closed: monodimensional, monomaniacal, monolithic
Morgenthau Plan
Moscow Conference [October 1943]
Most Favored Nation [adj]
multi- compounds are generally closed: multiarchival, multicausal, multiparty, multivariate, multilingual
naive
Narkomindel (Soviet People’s Commissariat on Foreign Affairs)
National Archives and Records Administration [NARA, U.S. archival agency]
The National Archives of the United Kingdom (NAUK or TNA)
National Intelligence Estimate
national-security (ad)
National Security Archive
nation building
neo- compounds are generally closed: neoliberalism, neorealism
Neo-Atlanticism, Neo-Atlanticist
New Look doctrine
New Course
new thinking [n], new-thinking [adj]
nomenklatura
non- compounds are generally hyphenated [style changed per MK, 11/7/03], non-believer, non-Communist, non-nuclear but noncommittal nonentity, nonplussed, nonproliferation
Northern Tier
Novocherkassk protest
novoe myshlenie [new thinking]
nuclear disarmament [adj]
nuclear test ban [adj]
nuclear war-fighting
nuclear weapons [adj]
oblast [but Nakorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]
Occupying Powers [WWII]
on-line (adv and adj)
-oriented compounds are hyphenated before noun, open after: problem-oriented focus, focus was problem oriented
Ostpolitik
Panchsheel (Five Principles)
Paris Conference [1946]
Party [cap. following political group: Communist Party, Liberal Party, etc.; but “Soviet party officials,” etc.]
Partito d’Azione
Patriarch Pimen, etc. [cap. for head of Russian Orthodox Church]
peacemaking (n, adj)
perestroika [no ital]
Pet;o”fi Circle
Peyrefitte Memorandum
“ping-pong diplomacy” [lc, quotes on first use]
“pluricontinentalism” [quotes on first use]
Point Four program
policymaker, policymaking
Politburo (Soviet), 1/1; Politbüro (SED)
political parties: cap Party—Communist Party, Labour Party, Tudeh Party
political science (adj)
political-warfare (adj)
politico-military
post- compounds are generally closed: postmodernist, postwar, but post-revisionism, post-Stalin, post–Cold War [en dash] post–World War II [end dash]
Potemkinism, Potemkin strategy
Potsdam Conference
power-hungry
power projection capability
Prague Spring [1968]
pre- compounds are generally closed: predetermine, but pre–World War II [en dash]
prima facie [no ital]
Presidium [of the USSR Council of Ministers or CPSU Presidium]
primary source [adj]
pro- compounds (in the sense of “supporting”) are hyphenated: pro-nationalization, pro-Western [per MK, 11/24/03, all pro- compounds should be hyphenated]
public-policy (adj)
public relations (adj)
putsch/ist [no ital]
Quai d’Orsay
quasi-colonial
rational-choice approach, 2/3; but rational choice theory
re- compounds are generally closed: rearm, reassessment, reevaluation; but re-legalize, re-send, re-create
Reagan Doctrine
Realpolitik [no ital]
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934
Rectification Campaign [China, 1942–1944]
Red Army
Red-baiting
Rizospastis [Greek Communist newspaper]
Rowman & Littlefield [not Rowan]
Rukh (shortened form of Narodnyi Rukh Ukrainy za perebudovu, or Popular Movement of Ukraine for Perestroika)
Russian Orthodox Church
Russian State Archive of Social-Political History (Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sotsialno-Politicheskoi Istorii, formerly the Central Party Archive of the Institute for Marxism-Leninism)
Russophile [uc]
S;a,j;u-dis (Lithuanian Movement for Reconstruction)
SALT II treaty
samizdat [no ital]
“satellization,”
seasons are not capped [except in footnotes to identify issue]
second-in-command
Second World War, 1/1; also World War II
secret-service (adj)
Secret Speech [Khruschev speech denouncing Stalin, 1956]
Security Council Resolution 242 [etc.], Resolution 242
Sejm [Polish legislature]
semi- compounds are generally hyphenated: semi-regulated [change in style per MK]
“Seventeen-Point Agreement” [quotes on first use], official title: Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet [23 May 1951]
SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, Europe)
shoot-down (n)
side by side (adv)
Simla convention
sine qua non [no ital]
Sino-Indian (adj)
Sino-Soviet (adj)
Six-Day Mideast War
Six, the
slogans are c/lc, enclosed in quote marks
social-contract (adj)
sociopolitical
Soldatensender Calais
Solidarity, Solidarno;sa;ca
Sovietologist
Sovinformburo
Special National Intelligence Estimate, SNIE [note caps]
speeches—informal names: “Carter Doctrine” speech
spetsoperatsiya [special operation]
State Archive of the Russian Federation (Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii, formerly the Central State Archive of the October Revolution and Socialist Construction)
strategic choice theory
sub- compounds are generally closed: subfield
subbotniki
submarine classes (e.g., Alfa, Hotel, Ohio): Alfa-class submarines
sui generis [no ital]
superpower; “superpowerdom,”
Supreme People’s Assembly (NK)
table 1
takeover
Third World (n, adj)
titles: Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov, Foreign Minister Molotov; President Dwight D. Eisenhower, the president; chief of staff. Exceptions: General Secretary, First Secretary, Secretary (of the Central Committee).
togliattismo
Tonkin Gulf Resolution [1964]
Tonton Macoutes (Haitian Secret Police)
top secret (adj), [per Webster’s]
Treaty of Ghent
Trizone
Tsarist (cap when referring to form of government)
UK
U.S.
USSR
uskorenie [acceleration]
Varkiza Agreement [1945]
union-republic
vis-à-vis [no ital]
Voluntaires de la Sécurité Nationale (Haitian militia)
Warsaw Pact
Washington, DC
weapons-grade [adj]
website
Weltpolitik
West, the
Western [pertaining to the Western world], 1/1; but western in the sense of direction and genre
Western Europe, West European
Westerner
Winter War
worldview
world-system theory
World War II; also Second World War
 zero-sumism.
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Book Reviews

Book information follows this format: Author or editor (ed.), title, 2nd ed. City: publisher, year. xx, XXX pp. $XX.XX. [If two prices given: $45.00 cloth, $21.95 paper.]
Place page references to reviewed book in parens.
All references should be worked into text (never use footnotes). [per MK, 11/7/03]

Coding

CP = Copyright
VH/RH = Verso head/Recto head
ST = Section Title (e.g., Survey Article, Review Essay, Responses; but not Book Review)
EPI, EPI/AU = Epigram/ Epigram Author
AT/AST = Article Title/Article Subtitle
A/B/C = Heading levels
T/T1 = Text with indent/Text without indent (first par of article, first par after head, continuing par after extract)
EQ = Extract
NL/UNL/BL = Numbered List/Unnumbered List/Bulleted List
TT/TC/TN = table title/table content/table note (use for source too)
REF = Reference



Isssues

Number 1: Winter [January]
Number 2: Spring [April]
Number 3: Summer [July]
Number 4: Fall [September]

Italics & Quote Marks

Italics are OK for emphasis (sparingly); book, journal, movie titles; TV and radio series titles; names of ships and spacecraft; words as words; uncommon foreign terms (not found in MW10).
Italicize punctuation following word or passage in italics. Italicize braces around fully italic text.
Quote marks are used for nonstandard words or ironical usage (sparingly); article titles; titles of individual TV and radio shows in a series.

Lists

Do not offset as a block quote (with numbers, letters, etc.) unless doing so clarifies matters. [per MK, 11/7/03]



Numbers

Spell out one to twenty (but 12-year-old, 15-megaton, etc.), plus any of these with hundred, thousand, million, etc., except in long list (but 1,000-word document). Always spell out million.
Spell out all numbers beginning a sentence (and if  a sentence starts with a year, render it as “The year 1956 witnessed a great deal . . .”)
Spell out all ordinal numbers through “hundredth.”
Spell out and hyphenate common fractions in text: three-quarters.
Examples: 1,744 [note comma], ten thousand, 2 million, 5 billion centuries: nineteenth century (n), mid-nineteenth century (n), nineteenth-century (adj) dates: 5 March 1946, the 5th, March 1947, the 1920s, the mid-1940s, 1939–1940 [en dash], “from 1987 to 1991” OR “from 1987 through 1991” NOT “from 1987–1991” and NOT “between 1987 and 1991”
percentages: 4.7 percent, 6.5 to 10.1 percent, 10-percent (adj)



Punctuation

Use series comma.
Comma before conjunction only when conjunction separates two independent clauses.
Em and en dashes set tight.
Capitalize a complete sentence following a colon.
Comma before Jr. (Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.)
Set ital. or bold following word or passage in italics or bold



Quotations

Quotations of fewer than 40 words are run into text.
Ellipsis points are spaced. Use three dots for deletion within a sentence (space before and after each dot); four for deletion between complete sentences (space before and after last three dots). No ellipsis at beginning or end of quote.
In book reviews, page numbers for quotations go at end of sentence, outside quote marks, and before period: “Blah blah” (p. 10). With extracts, page numbers follow period: Blah blah. (p. 10)
Italics: “Blah blah blah [emphasis added] or [emphasis in original].”




Pronouns

Antecedents must always come before pronouns (e.g., “When Kennedy was here, he met with the ambassador” NOT “When he was here, Kennedy met with the ambassador”); exceptions can occur for some possessives (e.g., “For his next trick, the magician pulled out a deck of cards”).



Running Feet & Heads

First page: Journal of Cold War Studies [line break] Vol. 1, No. 1, Winter 1999, pp. 00–00 [line break] © 1999 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Verso: Last name(s)
Recto: Article Title [abbreviated as needed, no subtitle]
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Spelling

Spelling per Webster’s Tenth, unless noted otherwise.
Prefixes set tight, unless noted otherwise.
Possessives of singular nouns formed with apostrophe + s, unless noted otherwise: Dulles’s, Gaddis’s Jones’s; only exception: for convenience’ sake.

Footnotes

Footnote numbers (superscripts) should be placed at the end of the sentence or clause. They follow all punctuation except a dash, go outside parentheses, and belong at the end of extracts.
If there is more than one source in a single note, separate with semicolons and use “and” before last reference.
Use “et al.” when there are more than three authors (e.g., “Smith et al.”).
The state or country should be added in the following instances: after “Cambridge,” “Princeton,” and “Stanford.” And the state or country should be added after any city that is not well known.
Also: Manchester, New Brunswick, Garden Falls, Graz
Dates appear with month in full in the day-month-year format: 1 January 1998; seasons are capped.
Use all digits with inclusive page numbers.
Use “n.d.” (for no date with a source)—not “nd”
Use “n.pub.” for “no publisher; use “n.p.” for “no place” [of publication]
Use “ch.” and “chs.” for “chapter” and “chapters.”
Use “Doc.” and “Docs.” for “Document” and “Documents.
Use “ibid.” (with a period, no ital.) only if preceding note has only one source.
For subsequent mention, use short cites. Include a short title. Do not use “op cit.” or “supra.
Use “U.S. Government Printing Office,” not “GPO.”
Newspaper titles that begin with "The" are given in full (The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Wall Street Journal, The Boston Globe), whereas newspaper titles that don't begin with "The" obviously don't have it (e.g., Los Angeles Times, San Francisco Chronicle). [Note: this is contra Chicago.]
Use Washington, DC not Washington to avoid confusion with the state.
Generally use up style: 4th Ed., Vol. 2, No. 12, Box 10, Folder 14, Op. 5, Doc. 5A. Exceptions: ch. 3, p. 2, pt. 5.
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Book--Single-Author

John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1982), p. 354.
Gaddis, Strategies of Containment, p. 357.

Book--Two or Three Authors

Vladislav Zubok and Constantine Pleshakov, Inside the Kremlin’s Cold War: From Stalin to Khrushchev (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), pp. 159–164

Book--More Than Three Authors

Stavro Skendi et al., Albania (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1956), pp. 85–86.

Book--Editor

Richard Rosecrance and Arthur Stein, eds., The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993), p. 5.
Enver Hoxha, The Artful Albanian: The Memoirs of Enver Hoxha, ed. by Jon Halliday (London: Chatto and Windus, 1986), pp. 147–151.
Nikita Khrushchev, Memoirs of Nikita Khrushchev, ed. by Sergei Khrushchev, trans. by George Shriver (University Park, PA:  Pennsylvania State University Press, 2006).
Rosecrance and Stein, eds., The Domestic Bases of Grand Strategy, p. 5.
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Book--Volume

Mario Toscano, Pagine di storia diplomatica contemporanea, Vol. 2 (Milano: Giuffre, 1963), pp. 289–358.
Owen Chadwick, The Penguin History of the Church, Vol. 7, The Christian Church in the Cold War (London: Penguin, 1993), p. 95

Book--Part of Series

Robert K. Yin, Case Study Research: Design and Methods, Vol. 5 of Applied Social Research Methods Series (Newbury Park: Sage Publications, 1989).

Contribution to Book

Richard Ned Lebow, “The Long Peace, the End of the Cold War, and the Failure of Realism,” in Richard Ned Lebow and Thomas Risse-Kappen, eds., International Relations Theory and the End of the Cold War (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), pp. 143–163.
Cabinet Room transcript, 16 October 1962, 6:30 p.m., in May and Zelikow, eds., Kennedy Tapes, pp. 82–83.
Harry Eckstein, “Case Study and Theory in Political Science,” in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, Vol. 7 of Strategies of Inquiry (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975), pp. 79–137.

Document in Book with Identified Editor, subsequent mention

“Prilozhenie k Resheniyu Politburo TsK VKP (b),” 28 January 1942, in Kynin and Laufer, eds., SSSR i Germanskii vopros, Vol. 1, Doc. 18.

Document in Book without Identified Editor, subsequent mention

“Lichnoe i Sekretnoe Poslanie ot Prem’era I. V. Stalina Prem’er-Ministru g-nu U. Cherchillyu,” 9 August 1943, Doc. 170, in Perepiska, Vol. 1.
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CD-ROM

Bulgariya v’v Varshavskiya Dogovor (Bulgaria in the Warsaw Pact), CD-ROM (Sofia: Izdatelska Kushcha BM, 2000).

Journal Article

Fareed Zakaria, “Realism and Domestic Politics: A Review Essay,” International Security, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Summer 1992), pp. 103–115.
Zakaria, “Realism and Domestic Politics,” p. 105.
Michael Desch, “Progress or Degeneration? The Return to Culture in National Security Studies,” International Security, forthcoming.

Newspaper Article

S. Kovalev, “I.V. Stalin o rechi U. Cherchillya: Otvet korrespondentu ‘Pravdy,’” Pravda (Moscow), 14 March 1946, p. 1.

Television Program Episode--on Videotape or DVD

“A Taste of Armageddon,” Star Trek, videotape, directed by Joseph Pevney (1967; Hollywood, CA: Paramount Studios, 1990).
“A Taste of Armageddon.”

Working or Occasional Papers

Hope Harrison, “Ulbricht and the Concrete ‘Rose’: New Archival Evidence on the Dynamics of Soviet-East German Relations and the Berlin Crisis, 1958–1961,” CWIHP Working Paper No. 5, Cold War International History Project, Washington, DC, May 1993.

Thesis or Dissertation

James D. Fearon, “Threats to Use Force: Costly Signals and Bargaining in International Crises,” Ph.D. Diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1992, ch. 3.
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Other Unpublished Papers

Phillip E. Tetlock, “Theory-Driven Reasoning about Possible Pasts and Probable Futures in World Politics: Are We Prisoners of Our Preconceptions?” Ohio State University, n.d.

Svante Cornell, “Autonomy in the South Caucasus: A Catalyst of Conflict?” (paper presented at the fifth annual convention of the Association for the Study of Nationalities, New York, NY, April 2000).

Daniel L. Watson, “‘A Europe Worthy of Mindszenty’: Catholic ‘Martyrs and Heroes’ in American and West European Cold War Culture” (paper presented at the “Cold War Culture: Film, Fact, and Fiction” conference, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 18–21 February 1999), pp. 3–4.

Interview or Personal CommunicationPublished Document

Andrei Aleksandrov-Agentov, interview, Moscow, 11 October 1992.
Robert Hultslander to Piero Gleijeses, Facsimile, 22 December 1998, p. 3, in the author’s possession.

Published Document

National Security Council (NSC) Staff Study, Annex to NSC 5608, “U.S. Policy Toward the Satellites in Eastern Europe,” 6 July 1956, in U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Vol. XXV, p. 199 (hereinafter referred to as FRUS, with appropriate year and volume numbers).

“Attachment from Rusk to Maxwell Taylor and McGeorge Bundy and Robert Bell,” 29 October 1961, in FRUS, 1961–1963, Vol. VIII, p. 191.

Legislative Proceedings

Parliamentary Debates, 5th ser., Vol. 509 (1952), pp. 35–39.
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Archival Material
[Note: style updated to conform with CMS 15 (Jan. 06)—cd] The most important thing is consistency in the style of citation throughout the article, rather than a need to adhere rigidly to any particular format in every article.  As long as the same format is used throughout the article, the precise nature of the format can vary slightly from article to article

“Zapis’ besedy s ministrom inostrannykh del ChSR V. Shirokii ot 22 dekabrya 1952 g.,” Cable No. 1284 (Top Secret), 26 December 1952, by Soviet ambassador A. V. Bogomolov to Soviet foreign minister A. Ya. Vyshinskii, Listy (Ll.) 7–9, Delo (D.) 988, Opis’ (Op.) 22, Fond (F.) 5, Rossiiskii Tsentr Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Noveishei Istorii (RGANI).

“V Tsentral’nyi Komitet Kommunisticheskoi Partii Sovetskogo Soyuza” (Secret), 19 January 1953, from V. Ignat’ev to V.G. Grigor’yan, Ll. 47–55, D. 988, Op. 22, F. 5, RGANI.

“Memorandum of Discussion at the 135th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington,” 5 March 1953, NSC Series, Ann Whitman File, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (DDE Library – DDEL is also acceptable).

Dwight D. Eisenhower to Winston Churchill, 8 May 1953, p. 2, Box 16, International File, Ann Whitman File, DDE Library (or DDEL).

Jimmy Carter to Pope John Paul II (Draft), n.d., Mtgs.—SCC 261: 1/28/80 Folder, Box 32, Zbigniew Brzezinski Collection (ZBC), Jimmy Carter Library (JCL).

Report by the Joint Strategic Planning Survey Committee, 24 October 1950, in Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Part II, 1946–53 (RJCS), the Middle East, reel 1, frame 114, University Publications of America (UPA) microfilm, 1979.

298th NSC Meeting, 27 September 1956, Doc. 382C, Declassified Documents Reference System (DDRS), 1980.

“Telephone call to Mr. Martin, Tuesday, October 16, 1962, 2:39 p.m.,” October 1962 File, Rusk Telephone Log, General Office Files, Dean Rusk Personal Papers, Richard B. Russell Library for Political Research and Studies, University of Georgia.

Outgoing Message, EXTERNAL OTT to PERMISNY/WASH DC, No. XL-106, “Cuban Position on the Crisis” (Confidential), 25 October 1962, pt. 10, File 2444-40, Vol. 4184, RG 25, National Archives of Canada (NAC), Ottawa.

Risquet to Fidel Castro, 23 April 1976, pp. 2, 6, Archives of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party, Havana (hereinafter cited as ACC).

“Discussion with Delegates to the World Health Assembly—Peter G. Bourne, M.D., Geneva, Switzerland, May 1977: Angola,” Box 41, Staff Offices: Special Assistant to President, Jimmy Carter Library (JCL), Atlanta, GA.

“Meeting of Somali Ambassador Addou with President Carter,” Memorandum for the Record, 16 June 1977, Box 1, Horn, Staff Material, NSA, Brzezinski Collection, JCL.

Memorandum by Paul Henze to Brzezinski, 1 March 1978, p. 1, Box 1, Horn, Staff Material, NSA, Brzezinski Collection, JCL.

“Re: U.S. Policy to El Salvador,” Memorandum by Zbigniew Brzezinski to Jimmy Carter, 29 January 1980, Meetings—SCC 274: 2/15/80 Folder, Box 32, ZBC, JCL.

“Response, Presidential Review Memorandum-36: Soviet—Cuban Presence in Africa,” 18 August 1978, p. 15, National Security Archive, Washington DC (hereinafter referred to as NSArchive).

Abbreviations:

Declassified Documents Reference System (DDRS)
Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (DDE Library or DDEL)
George C. Marshal Library (GCML)
Harry S. Truman Library (HSTL)
Jimmy Carter Library (JCL)
John F. Kennedy Library (JFKL)
Library of Congress (LC)
Lyndon Baines Johnson Library (LBJL)
National Archives and Records Administration [U.S.] (NARA)
National Security Archive (hereinafter referred to as NSArchive)
National Archives of Australia (NAA)
The National Archives of the United Kingdom (UKNA or TNA)

Material quoted in another source

Leeper to Foreign Office, 5 June 1945, 371/48271 R9722, Foreign Office Files (FO), Public Record Office, London (hereinafter PRO): quoted in John O. Iatrides, ed., Ambassador MacVeagh Reports: Greece, 1933–1947 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980), pp. 680–681. [Note addition of “quoted,” 7/3/05 to conform w/CMS15 17.274]
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